oui
la serbie compte 2 autonomie la voivodine en 1945 et le kosovo en 1945 ont recu une autonomie puis il s'etait retire en 1980 ou 1988 je ne sais plus la date



Géographie de la Serbie

La Serbie, en serbe cyrillique Србија et en serbe translittéré Srbija, est située dans les Balkans (une région historique et géographique du sud-est de l'Europe) et dans la plaine pannonienne. Depuis 2006, le pays est dépourvu d'accès direct à la mer Adriatique ; en revanche, le Danube le relie à l'Europe centrale et à la mer Noire.

La Serbie s'étend sur une superficie de 88 361 km², ce qui la place au 113e rang mondial.

Elle possède 2 027 km de frontières, soit 241 km avec la Croatie, 302 km avec la Bosnie-Herzégovine, 203 km avec la République du Monténégro, 221 km avec la République de Macédoine, 115 km avec l'Albanie, 318 km avec la Bulgarie, 476 km avec la Roumanie et 151 km avec la Hongrie[1] ; il est ainsi, après la Russie, et avec la France, le deuxième pays d'Europe qui compte le plus de pays limitrophes en Europe.

La Serbie possède 6 167 localités officiellement reconnues, parmi lesquelles 207 sont définies comme des villes[2].

Les terres arables couvrent 19 194 km²[3] ; les forêts couvrent 19 499 km²[4] (hors Kosovo).

Coordonnées extrêmes :

Nord : 46°11'N (près de Hajdukovo)
Sud : 41°52' N (près de Dragaš au Kosovo)
Est : 23°01'E (Senokos près de Dimitrovgrad)
Ouest : 18°51'E (près de Bezdan en Voïvodine)

Continent Europe
Région Balkans
Coordonnées
Superficie 111e rang mondial
88 361 km²
Terres : 99.9 %
Eau : 0.1 %
Côtes km
Frontières Total 2 027 km (Croatie 241 km, Bosnie-Herzégovine 302 km, République du Monténégro 203 km, République de Macédoine 221 km, avec l'Albanie 115 km, Bulgarie 318 km, Roumanie 476 km,Hongrie 151 km)

le plan du relief, la Serbie est composée de divers ensembles. La Voïvodine, au nord, comprend de vastes plaines, propices à l'agriculture. L'est du pays est constitué par des chaînes de montagnes calcaires séparées par des plaines fluviales. Le sud-ouest du pays est constitué par des montagnes anciennes et des collines. Le nord du pays est dominé par le fleuve du Danube tandis que la Morava traverse les régions plus montagneuses du sud.

En Serbie centrale, le relief est principalement composé de collines et de montagnes basses et moyennes, séparées par de nombreuses rivières et de nombreux ruisseaux. Le principal axe de communication et de développement économique s'étend du sud-est de Belgrade vers Niš et Skopje (en République de Macédoine), le long des vallées de la Velika Morava et de la Južna Morava. La plupart des grandes villes sont situées le long de cet axe ou non loin de lui, de même qu'il est emprunté par la principale voie ferrée du pays (la voie ferroviaire Belgrade-Bar) et par la route européenne E75. Plus à l'est, le terrain s'élève rapidement pour former les chaînes calcaires de la Stara Planina et des monts Homolje, peuplés de manière relativement éparse. À l'ouest, le pays est également montagneux ; les massifs montagneux les plus importants de ce secteur sont les monts Zlatibor et Kopaonik.

Au centre, à l'Ouest et au Sud-ouest du pays, les montagnes de Serbie font partie des Alpes dinariques ; à l'est, elles appartiennent aux Carpathes, aux monts du Grand Balkan et aux monts Rhodopes.

Les montagnes les plus importantes du pays sont :

les monts Tara
les monts Zlatibor
les monts Kopaonik
la Fruška Gora.
La plus haut sommet de Serbie est le mont Đeravica qui s'élève à 2 656 m ; il est situé dans les monts Prokletije au Kosovo. Le point culminant de la Serbie centrale est le mont Midžor sur la Stara Planina (2 169 m), tandis que le Vršački breg (641 m) est le point culminant de la province autonome de Voïvodine.

La Serbie possède cinq parcs nationaux et de nombreuses réserves naturelles régionales.

Parcs nationaux:

Fruška Gora (250 km²)
Kopaonik (120 km²)
Tara (220 km²)
Đerdap (Portes de Fer) (640 km²)
Šar-planina (390 km²)
Parcs naturels:

Prokletije (1000 km²)
Gornje Podunavlje (100 km²)
Stara Planina National Park|Stara Planina (1420 km²)
Golija (750 km²)
Kučajske planine (1150 km²)
Réserves naturelles:

Deliblatska peščara (300 km²)
Lac Ludaš (5.93 km²)
Obedska Pond (175.01 km²)
Stari Begej – Carska Bara (17.67 km²)

le kosovo est sur la jurediction de la UMNIK ET OTAN au moyen age peuplé de serbe jusqu'a vers le 17eme siecle peuple par les albanais

la voivodine sera sans doute une region



La Serbie possède une économie fondée sur les services, l'industrie et l'agriculture.

PNB : 12 Mds $ (estimation).
Par habitant : 9000 $ (évaluation)
Taux de croissance : 5,8% (2006)[1]
Production industrielle : 4,4% (2006)[1]
Exportations : 2,4 Mds$.
Importations : - 6,3 Mds $.
Balance des paiements : - 1,4 Md $.
Taux d’inflation (prix de détail) : 12,7 % (estimation 2006)[1]
Taux de chômage : 20 % environ.
Monnaie : le dinar serbe.(srpski dinar)

Agriculture autosuffisante :

Blé : 1,4 million de tonnes
Maïs : 4 millions de tonnes
Bovins : 1,5 million
Porcs : 3,6 millions

Production de pétrole : 1 million de tonnes (environ).
Lignite : 35 millions de tonnes.
Production hydro électrique importante : 10 milliards de kWh avec le barrage des "Portes de Fer".

Plusieurs complexes industriels : sidérurgie, automobile, agro alimentaire.

Demographics of Serbia

Serbia is populated mostly by Serbs. Significant minorities include Albanians (who are a majority in the province of Kosovo), Hungarians, Bosniaks, Roma, Croats, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Romanians, etc. Serbia consists of three territories: the province of Kosovo, the province of Vojvodina and Central Serbia. The two provinces are ethnically diverse, which is a result of the division of the country between the Muslim Ottoman Empire in the south and Catholic Austro-Hungarian Empire in the north.

The northern province of Vojvodina is the most developed part of the country in terms of economic strength. Together with the former Yugoslav republics of Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vojvodina was under the administration of Austria-Hungary before the First World War. Vojvodina is one of the most ethnically diverse territories in Europe, with more than 25 different national communities.

Ethnic composition of Serbia (1991 census)
Serbia (including Kosovo) in 1991

Serbs   66%
Albanians   17%
Hungarians   3.5%
other   13.5%






Ethnic composition of Serbia (2002 census)
Serbia (excluding Kosovo) in 2002

Serbs   82.86%
Hungarians   3.91%
Bosniaks   1.82%
Roma   1.44%
Yugoslavs   1.08%
other   9.79%






Ethnic composition of Central Serbia (2002 census)
Central Serbia in 2002

Serbs   89.48%
Bosniaks   2.48%
Roma   1.45%
Albanians   1.10%
other   5.49%






Ethnic composition of Vojvodina (2002 census)
Vojvodina in 2002

Serbs   65.05%
Hungarians   14.28%
Slovaks   2.79%
Croats   2.78%
Yugoslavs   2.45%
Montenegrins   1.75%
Romanians   1.50%
Roma   1.43%
other   7.97%






Ethnic composition of Kosovo (2002 estimate)
Kosovo (2000 estimate)

Albanians   88%
Serbs   7%
Slavic muslims   3%
Roma   2%
Turks   1%






Ethnic composition of Central Serbia and Vojvodina (2002 census)
The ethnic composition of Central Serbia and Vojvodina, according to the 2002 census[1]:

Serbia (excluding Kosovo) Central Serbia Vojvodina
Number % Number % Number %
TOTAL 7,498,001 100 5,466,009 100 2,031,992 100
Serbs 6,212,838 82.86 4,891,031 89.48 1,321,807 65.05
Montenegrins 69,049 0.92 33,536 0.61 35,513 1.75
Yugoslavs 80,721 1.08 30,840 0.56 49,881 2.45
Albanians 61,647 0.82 59,952 1.1 1,695 0.08
Bosniaks 136,087 1.82 135,670 2.48 417 0.02
Bulgarians 20,497 0.27 18,839 0.34 1,658 0.08
Bunjevci 20,012 0.27 246 0 19,766 0.97
Gorani 4,581 0.06 3,975 0.07 606 0.03
Croats 70,602 0.94 14,056 0.26 56,546 2.78
Macedonians 25,847 0.35 14,062 0.26 11,785 0.58
Muslims (by nationality) 19,503 0.26 15,869 0.29 3,634 0.18
Roma and Sinti 108,193 1.44 79,136 1.45 29,057 1.43
Vlachs 40,054 0.53 39,953 0.73 101 0
Romanians 34,576 0.46 4,157 0.08 30,419 1.5
Germans 3,901 0.05 747 0.01 3,154 0.16
Ruthenes 15,905 0.21 279 0.01 15,626 0.77
Russians 2,588 0.03 1,648 0.03 940 0.05
Slovaks 59,021 0.79 2,384 0.04 56,637 2.79
Slovenes 5,104 0.07 3,099 0.06 2,005 0.1
Czechs 2,211 0.03 563 0.01 1,648 0.08
Ukrainians 5,354 0.07 719 0.01 4,635 0.23
Hungarians 293,299 3.91 3,092 0.06 290,207 14.28
Others 11,711 0.16 6,400 0.12 5,311 0.26
Unspecified 107,732 1.44 52,716 0.97 55,016 2.71
Unknown 75,483 1.01 51,709 0.95 23,774 1.17

Population: 9,396,411 (2002 census) (avec le kosovo)
Median age:
total: 40.4 years
male: 39.1 years
female: 41.7 years
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 74 years
male: 71 years
female: 76 years (2000 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.78 children born/woman (2006 est.)

Nationality:
noun: Serb(s)
adjective: Serbian

Religions: Serbian Orthodox, Muslim, Roman Catholic, Protestant

Languages: Serbian (official nationwide); Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Croatian(all official in Vojvodina); Albanian (official in Kosovo)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 96.4%
male: 98.9%
female: 94.1% (2002 est.)

Ethnic map of Serbia, based on municipality data



Ethnic map of Serbia, based on settlement data

Spoiler:

Population statistics of Serbia (Estimate May 2005)
Serbia (total): 9,396,411
Central Serbia: 5,479,686
Vojvodina: 2,116,725
Kosovo: 1,800,000

Serbia (excluding Kosovo) in 2002

Serbs   82.86%
Hungarians   3.91%
Bosniaks   1.82%
Roma   1.44%
Yugoslavs   1.08%
Other   9.79%

Serbia is populated mostly by Serbs. Significant minorities include Albanians (who are a majority in the province of Kosovo), Hungarians, Bosniaks, Roma, Croats, Slovaks, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Bulgarians, Romanians, etc. The two provinces, Vojvodina and Kosovo, are ethnically and religiously diverse.

According to the last official census[36] data collected in 2002, ethnic composition of Serbia is:

Total: 7,498,001
Serbs: 6,212,844 (82.86%)
Hungarians: 293,172 (3.91%)
Bosniaks: 136,464 (1.82%)
Roma: 107,971 (1.44%)
Yugoslavs: 80,978 (1.08%)
Others (each less than 1%): 666,572 (8.89%)
According to the poll conducted on January 1st 2006 by the Yugoslav Survey Society, Serbia had 7,395,600 inhabitants -- 1.5% decrease comparing to the 2002 Census.[37]

The census was not conducted in Serbia's southern province of Kosovo, which is under administration by the United Nations. According to the EU estimates however, the overall population is estimated at 2,000,000 inhabitants, of whom 90% are Albanians, 8% Serbs and others 2%. [38]

Refugees and IDPs in Serbia form between 7% and 7.5% of its population -- about half a million refugees sought refuge in the country following the series of Yugoslav wars (from Croatia mainly, to an extent Bosnia and Herzegovina too and the IDPs from Kosovo, which are the most numerous at over 200,000) [39] Serbia has the largest refugee population in Europe

il faut pas oublié aussi une grande communaute arabes LA SERBIE A VOTE POUR LE DROIT D'ASILE

EN FRANCAIS
Démographie de la Serbie

Structure de la population de la Serbie

Population 10 150 265 habitants (SANS DOUTE AVEC LE KOSOVO)
Densité de la population 106,3 hab./km²
Taux de croissance de la population N/D %
Âge médian (population totale)
- Hommes
- Femmes 37,3 ans
35,9 ans
38,8 ans
Structure par âge
- 0-14 ans
- 15-64 ans
- 65 ans et plus
18.1 %
66.9 %
15 %
Rapport de masculinité (population totale)
- À la naissance
- Moins de 15 ans
- 15-64 ans
- 65 ans et plus N/D homme/femme
N/D homme/femme
N/D homme/femme
N/D homme/femme
N/D homme/femme
Part de la population urbaine 52 %

Natalité en Serbie

Taux brut de natalité N/D ‰
Indice synthétique de fécondité 1,69 enfant(s)/femme


Mortalité en Serbie

Taux brut de mortalité N/D ‰
Taux de mortalité infantile (population totale)
- Hommes
- Femmes N/D ‰
N/D ‰
N/D ‰
Espérance de vie à la naissance (population totale)
- Hommes
- Femmes 97,01 ans
97,88 ans
97,51 ans


Migration et composition culturelle
Pour bien comprendre les chiffres il faut savoir que l'institut de Statistique de Serbie, source du Factbook de la CIA, a hérité des catégories instituées par la Yougoslavie de Tito, elle-même inspirée par les statisticiens soviétiques. Leurs critères ne sont pas forcément ceux des linguistes et des démographes internationaux, car ils introduisent des notions politiques dans la reconnaissance culturelle. Par exemple, la définition d'une nationalité ("narodni") Monténégrine différente de la Serbe (alors que les uns comme les autres sont de langue serbocroate et de religion orthodoxe), ou Macédonienne différente de la Bulgare (alors que les uns comme les autres sont bulgarophones et orthodoxes), ou Serbe de langue romane différente de la Roumaine (alors que les uns comme les autres sont roumanophones et orthodoxes), répondent à des critères purement politiques: il s'agissait de justifier l'autonomie du Monténégro au sein de la Yougoslavie, l'appartenance de la Macédoine à cette même Yougoslavie, et dans le cas des Roumains, l'accord de reconnaissance réciproque des minorités avec la Roumanie portait uniquement sur les populations de Voïvodine et du Banat, mais pas sur celles des Portes de Fer de part et d'autre du Danube. Enfin, la définition tardive d'une nationalité "Musulmane" (sur critère religieux, dans un pays communiste!) concernait seulement les serbocroates musulmans de Bosnie-Herzégovine mais pas ceux de Serbie ou du Monténégro: ces derniers, surnommés "goranes", n'apparaissaient donc pas dans les chiffres...

Migration et composition
culturelle en Serbie

Taux de migration nette N/D ‰
Composition ethnique
- Serbes
- Hongrois
- Bosniaques
- Croates
- Monténégrins
- Albanais
- Slovaques
- Roumains
- Macédoniens
- Bulgares
- Slovènes
- Russes
- Autres( notamment de nombreux Gitans)
82,86 %
3,91 %
1,82 %
0,94 %
0,92 %
0,82 %
0,79 %
0,46 %
0,35 %
0,27 %
0,07 %
0,03 %
6,76 %
Religions
- Église orthodoxe serbe
- Islam sunnite
- Église catholique romaine
- Protestantisme
82,3 %
8,5 %
5,4 %
3,8 %
Composition linguistique
- Serbe (officiel)
- Hongrois
- Croate
- Albanais
- Slovaque
- Roumain
- Bulgare
92,88 %
3,90 %
0,92 %
0,84 %
0,77 %
0,44 %
0,25 %


Autres indicateurs sociaux
en Serbie

Taux d'alphabétisation (population totale)
- Hommes
- Femmes 99,4 %
98,9 %
97,1 %
Nombre moyen d'années passées à l'école 13 ans
Taux de séropositivité au VIH/SIDA
(chez les adultes) 0.2 %
Taux d'accès à l'eau potable 98 %
Taux de chômage 16,6 %

Economy of Serbia

Serbia has an economy based mostly on various services, industry and agriculture. In the late 1980s, at the beginning of the process of economic transition, its position was favourable, but it was gravely impacted by UN economic sanctions 1992-1995, the damage to infrastructure and industry during the NATO airstrikes in 1999, as well as having problems from losing the markets of ex-Yugoslavia and the SEV. Main economic problems include high unemployment (20.0% in 2005) and the unresolved Kosovo-Metohija issue.

After the ousting of former Federal Yugoslav President Milosevic in October 2000, the country experienced faster economic growth (the amount of economic growth in 2006 was 6.3 percent[1]), and has been preparing for membership in the European Union, its most important trading partner. Serbia suffers from high export deficit and considerable debt. The country expects some major economic impulses and high growth rates in the following years. Serbia has been occasionally called a "Balkan tiger" due to its recent high economic growth rates, a reference to the East Asian Tigers. [13] Nevertheless, Serbia's GDP is still well below 1990 levels

Estimated GDP of Serbia for 2007 is $54.547 billion which is $7 265 per capita. Growth in 2005 was 6.3% [14] Growth in 2006 was 5,8% [15] Growth in Q1 2007 was 8.7% [16] Gold and Foreign Currency Reserves= $ 12,8 billion GDP per capita in PPP terms is still, however, including Montenegro (whose result is much less than that of Serbia). In the most recent world economic outlook (October 2007), the IMF has included data for Serbia (without Kosovo), such that GDP per capita in terms of PPP has been recorded at $7 265, and $5 397 in real exchange rate terms.

Currency Serbian dinar (RSD)
Fiscal year Calendar year (?)
Trade organisations CEFTA, BSEC

Statistics
GDP (PPP) $54.547bn (2007) (68th [1])
GDP growth 8.7% (Q1 2007 [2])
GDP per capita $7 265 (2007, PPP) $5 397 (2007, nominal) [3]
GDP by sector agriculture (16.6%), industry (25.5%), services (57.9%) (2005 [4])
Inflation (CPI) 6.6% (2006) [5])
Labour force 2.961 Million ([6])
Labour force
by occupation agriculture: 30%
industry: 46%
services: 24% (2002) ([7])
Unemployment 20.9% (October 2006) [8])
Main industries pharmaceuticals, agricultural machinery, electrical and communication equipment, paper and pulp, lead, transportation equipment,food ([9])
Trade
Exports $6.428bn (2006) [10]
Export goods Manufactured goods, pharmaceuticals, food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment
Main export partners Italy (14.1%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (11.7%), Montenegro (10.4%), Germany (10.2%), Republic of Macedonia (4.7%) (Source)
Imports $13.172bn (2006) [11]
Import goods oil, natural gas, transport vehicles, cars, machinery, food,...
Main import partners Russia (14.5%), Germany (8.4%), Italy (7.3%), People's Republic of China (5%), Romania (3%) (Source)
Public finances
Public debt $12.2bn (November 2006 [12])
Revenues ???
Expenses ???
Economic aid ???

Gross Domestic Product
Real GDP (PPP):
$44.83 billion (2005 est.) (Source: CIA [17])

$54.547 billion (2006 est.; Serbia - World Economic Outlook October 2007) (Source: IMF [18])

Real GDP per capita (PPP):
$4,400 (2005 est.) (Source: CIA [19])

$7 265 (2007 est.; for Serbia- World Economic Outlook October 2007) (Source: IMF [20])

Real GDP (exchange rate conversion):
$19.19 billion (2005 est.; excl. Kosovo) (Source: CIA [21])

$40.524 billion (2007 est.; for Serbia) (Source: IMF [22])

Real GDP per capita (exchange rate conversion):
$5 397.447 (2007 est.; for Serbia) (Source: IMF [23])

Real GDP growth rate (Q1-Q2 2007):
7.7% (2007 est.; excl. Kosovo) (Source: RSS [24])

Foreign Trade Source 1Source 2
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Exports (mil. USD): 2,723 1,369 1,558 1,721 2,075 2,477 3,523 4,553 6,428
Imports (mil. USD): 4,475 2,881 3,330 4,261 5,614 7,333 10,753 10,575 13,172
Trade Balance (mil. USD): -1,752 -1,512 -1,772 -2,540 -3,539 -4,856 -7,230 -6,022 -6,744
Exports/Imports (%): 60.8 47.5 46.8 40.4 37.0 33.8 32.8 41.1 48.8
N.B.: Statistics from 2006 on include Montenegro as a foreign country. Previously trade with Montenegro was within the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro and was therefore considered internal trade.
Industrial production growth rate for 2004: 7.1%
Industrial production growth rate for 2005: 1.3%
Industrial production growth rate for 2006: 4.4%
[27])




Employment by sector (2005)
Tertiary: 57.9%
Secondary: 25.5%
Primary: 16.6%
Total labourforce: 3.22 Million
Unemployment rate: 21.8%
Source: http://webrzs.statserb.sr.gov.yu/axd/en/drugastrana.php?Sifra=0018&izbor=odel&tab=152

Average monthly net income: 365 EUR (October 2007)
Source: http://webrzs.statserb.sr.gov.yu/axd/en/index1.php?SifraVesti=224&Link=

Government budget (2005)
Revenues: $11.45 Billion
Expenditures: $11.12 Billion



GDP trends over the past 10 years
Year / 0fficial exchange rate GDP ($ Billions) / Real GDP growth rate / Real GDP Per Capita / GDP per capita PPP:
1995: $12.8 / 5.7% / $1 280 / $4 170
1996: $13.3 / 4.6% / $1 330 / $4 378
1997: $14.2 / 7.4% / $1 420 / $4 554
1998: $14.7 / 2.4% / $1 470 / $4 873
1999: $9.7 / -18.3%/ $1 244 / $4 970
2000: $8.1 / 4.5% / $819 / $4 212
2001: $9.7 / 4.8% / $1 256 / $4 541
2002: $11.0 / 4.2% / $1 460 / $4 831
2003: $15.1 / 2.5% / $2 001 / $5 067
2004: $21.8 / 8.4% / $2 900 / $5 711
2005: $23.3 / 6.2% / $3 140 / $6 247
2006: $31.0 / 5.8% / $4 220 / $6 772
2007: $35.2 / 6.0% - 8.0% / $5 397 / $7 265



Estimates for next three years
2008: $46.4 / 6.4% / $6 166 / $8 264
2009: $52.7 / 6.0% / $7 029 / $8 760
2010: $60.1 / 6.5% / $8 013 / $9 329

Currency
Currency - Serbian dinar = 0.0125 Euro, 0.0167 USD. except Kosovo, which uses the Euro.
National Bank - National Bank of Serbia.


Serbian exports in 2006

Spoiler:

Moj Brat

Serbian Land Forces

Land Forces is the largest and the oldest army branch of Serbia. Its organization, structure, armaments and equipment are tailored to support their assigned missions and tasks, predominately on the ground.

Land Forces Command is tasked with deterring armed threats, defending Serbian territory, conditioning the Army and other bodies for mobilization and development of the Army, organizing defense systems, participating in peace-keeping operations, international military cooperation, and supporting civil authorities in countering non-military challenges, risks and security threats.

Active Since 2007
Country Serbia
LF HQ Niš
Motto "For Honor and Freedom of the Fatherland"
Serbian: За слободу и част Отаџбине
Commanders
Commander Lt. Gen. Mladen Ćirković

Organization

LF 1st Brigade
10. Command Battalion
11. Infantry Battalion
15. Tank battalion
16. Mechanized Battalion
17. Mechanized Battalion
12. Self-Propelled Artillery Battalion
13. Self-Propelled Missile Launcher Artillery Battalion
14. Air Defense Artillery Battalion
18. Engineer Battalion
19. Logistic Battalion
110. Pontoon Battalion
111. Pontoon Battalion
LF 2nd Brigade
20. Command Battalion
21. Infantry Battalion
22. Infantry Battalion
26. Tank Battalion
27. Mechanized Battalion
28. Mechanized Battalion
23. Self-Propelled Artillery Battalion
24. Self-Propelled Missile Launcher Artillery Battalion
25. Air Defense Artillery Battalion
210. Engineer Battalion
29. Logistic Battalion
LF 3rd Brigade
30. Command Battalion
31. Infantry Battalion
32. Infantry Battalion
36. Tank Battalion
37. Mechanized Battalion
38. Mechanized Battalion
33. Self-Propelled Howitzer Artillery Battalion
34. Multiple Rocket Launcher Battalion
35. Air Defense Artillery Battalion
310. Engineer Battalion
39. Logistic Battalion
LF 4th Brigade
40. Command Battalion
41. Infantry Battalion
42. Infantry Battalion
46. Tank Battalion
47. Mechanized Battalion
48. Mechanized Battalion
43. Self-Propelled Howitzer Artillery Battalion
44. Self-Propelled Rocket Launcher Battalion
45. Air Defense Artillery Rocket Battalion
410. Engineer Battalion
49. Logistic Battalion
LF Combined-Arms Artillery Brigade
Command Division
Combined-Arms Artillery Rocket Battalion
1. Howitzer-Cannon-Artillery Battalion
2. Howitzer-Cannon-Artillery Battalion
3. Howitzer-Cannon-Artillery Battalion
Logistic Battalion
3. Military Police Battalion
5. Military Police Battalion
246. NBC Battalion
21. Signal Battalion
River Flotilla of Serbian Armed Forces
93. River Center
Special Brigade
Command
Commanding Battalion
63rd Paratroop Battalion
72nd Reconnaissance-commando Battalion
Anti-terrorist Battalion
Logistics company

Equipment
Equipment list for Serbian Land Forces


Armored vehicles
Tanks
M-84 - 212 (upgrading to M-2001)[1]
T-72M - 15 (50 reserve)[2]
IFVs and APCs
M-80A - 562 (upgrading to M-98 Vidra)
BOV M-86 - 58 (Used by Military Police)
BOV-1 - 84
BTR-50 - 20
BRDM-2 - 28[3]
BTR-90 - 40 on order to get in i 2008

Artillery
Towed artillery
M-74 and M-75 120 mm 560[4]
M-46 - 180[5]
M84 "NORA A" - 36
D-30 -303 in reserve [6]
Self propelled and rocket artillery
M-94 "Plamen S" - 18 (30 in reserve)
M-77 "Oganj" - 60 (40 in reserve)
Nora B-52 - 16 (12 on order)
M87 "Orkan" - 4[7]
2S1 Gvozdika - 72 with 50 MT-LB M1975's Fitted with folding SNAR-10 Big Fred artillery/mortar locating radar


Army Air Defense systems
Anti-Aircraft artillery
Bofors 40 mm gun L/70 - guided by GIRAFFE Radar
BOV-3 - 63
MANPADs
Strela 2 (SA-7)
9K34 Strela-3 (SA-14)
9K38 Igla (SA-18 Grouse)
SAMs
9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9) - 90
9K31 Strela-10 (SA-13) - 18 (upgrading)[9]

Non-combat vehicles
Logistics
550-700x Military utility vehicles
TARA
Puch 300gd
Pinzgauer
UAZ-469
1500-2000x Military trucks
TAM-110 4X4
TAM-130 6X6
TAM-150 6X6
FAP-1118 4x4
FAP-2026 6x6
FAP-2228 6x6
FAP-2632 8x8
KrAZ-225 6x6
MAZ 537 8x8

Engineering vehicles
150-200x Engineering vehicles
VIU-55 Munja on order
M-84AI
MT-55A
T-55TZI
BTM-3

Anti-tank missile launchers
Bumbar
9M14 Malyutka
9K111 Fagot-250
9K115 Metis
9M119 Svir
M79 "Osa" 90 mm
M80 "Zolja" 64 mm rocket grenade launcher
M90 "Stršljen" 120 mm

Infantry Weapons
Small arms
CZ-99 Pistol 9 mm
Automatic gun 7.65 mm M84[10]
Zastava Shotguns
M70A/M70B1 Assault Rifles 7.62 mm
M21S Assault Rifle
Heckler & Koch MP5
M93 Black Arrow Long Range Rifle
BGA
M76 7.9 mm Sniper rifle
M91 7.62 mm Sniper rifle
M85 assault rifle
M90 Assault rifle
M77 Assault rifle
M72 7.62 mm Machine gun
M84 7.62 mm Machine gun
Heavy arms
M87 12.7 mm Heavy Machine gun [11]
M-60 Recoilless rifle
90 mm M-63B2



Withdrawn from service or stored
511x T-55 Tanks (stored)
147x M-60P [12] APC's (target practice, scrap heap)
60x BRDM-2 About 60 of them scraped, the remaining 28 will be modernized.
36x ZSU-57-2 AAA vehicles scrapped
M53/59 Praga AAA vehicles stored.[13]
A number of other vehicles and equipment has also been scraped,or conserve all in effort to cut costs and modernize the military.

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Serbian Air Force and Air Defense

The Serbian Air Force and Air Defense consists of an array of combat aircraft, cargo aircraft, reconnaissance aircraft, UAV, combat helicopters, cargo/utility helicopters, radars and SAMs.

Active 1912 - 1918
2006 -
Country Serbia
Size about 3,000 personnel
170 aircraft
AF HQ Zemun, Belgrade
Patron Saint Elijah
Motto "For Honor and Freedom of the Fatherland"
Serbian: За слободу и част Отаџбине
Commanders
Commander of

Serbian AF & AD
General-major Dragan Katanić
Chief of
AF & AD HQ Colonel Nebojša Đukanović

Aircraft flown
Attack J-22, G-4, Mi-24, SA.342 GAMA
Fighter MiG-29,[1], MiG-21Bis
Interceptor MiG-21Bis
Reconnaissance MiG-21M, IJ-22, INJ-22, SA.341 HERA
Trainer Utva 75, G-4, NJ-22
Transport An-2, An-26, YAK-40, Mi-8, Mi-17

Air Force and Air Defense is the youngest and the most advanced branch encompassing branches and services whose organization, structure, armaments and equipment are tailored to perform combat activities in aerial targets and on the ground. It's tasks are:

control over the air space;
deterring armed threats from the air and prevention of sudden attacks;
air defense of the territory and SAF;
providing aircraft fire support;
participation in peace keeping operation and in international military cooperation;
addressing natural disasters, catastrophes and accidents.

Organization
204th Air Base
101. Fighter-Aviation Squadron
252. Mixed-Aviation Squadron
138. Mixed-Transport-Aviation Squadron
1. Reconnaissance Aviation Section
24. Air Force Technical Battalion
17. Air Base Security Battalion
117. Air Force Air Defense Artillery Battalion
98th Air Base
241. Fighter-Bomber-Aviation Squadron
714. Anti-Armored Helicopter Squadron
119. Combined-Arms Helicopter Squadron
2. Reconnaissance Aviation Section
24. Air Force Technical Battalion
161. Air Base Security Battalion
98. Air Base Security Battalion
98. Air Force Air Defense Artillery Battalion
250th Air Defense Missile Brigade
Command Battery
1. Air Force Air Defense Missile Battalion - using S-125 Neva (SA-3)s
2. Air Force Air Defense Missile Battalion - using S-125 Neva (SA-3)s
3. Air Force Air Defense Self-Propelled Missile Battalion - using 2K12 Kub (SA-6)
4. Air Force Air Defense Self-Propelled Missile Battalion - using 2K12 Kub (SA-6)
5. Air Force Air Defense Self-Propelled Missile Battalion - using 2K12 Kub (SA-6)
126th Center for Air Reconnaissance
Command Company
20. Air Reconnaissance Battalion
31. Air Reconnaissance Battalion
Company for air force-technical and technical maintenance and procurement
210th Signal Battalion
333rd Engineering Battalion

Serbian Air Force fleet
This is a list of aircraft currently in the Air Force. The exact number of active aircraft is difficult to tell as a constant rotation of aircraft for check ups and fixes are done on a regular basis. Some aircraft listed maybe in bad condition and as of now are not in full service.



Aircraft Origin Type Versions Number Notes
Combat Aircraft
MiG-29 Soviet Union Fighter
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Trainer MiG-29 A
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MiG-29 UB 4
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1 Currently upgrading to Mig-29S designation[2]
J-22 Orao Yugoslavia Ground Attack
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Trainer
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Reconnaissance
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Reconnaissance J-22
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NJ-22
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IJ-22
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INJ-22 16
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7
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8
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2 [3]
G-4 Super Galeb Yugoslavia Fighter Bomber & Trainer
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Unarmed Trainer
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Target Puller
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Prototype G-4
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G-4š
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G-4t
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G-4M 14
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8
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2
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1 [4]
Unarmed Aircraft
Lola Utva 75 Yugoslavia Trainer V-53 12 To be replaced with new Lasta 96
An-2 Soviet Union Cargo Aircraft An-2 1 used for paratroop training.[5]
An-26 Soviet Union Cargo Aircraft An-26 6 2 operational, to be phased out and replaced.
YAK-40 Soviet Union VIP Aircraft YAK-40 2 Renovated for VIP use
Helicopters
Mi-8 Soviet Union Transport Helicopter Mi-8 T Hip C
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Mi-17 Hip H 29
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2 Several in poor condition,only three used for operations.[6]
Mi-24 Soviet Union Attack Helicopter Mi-24D Hind 2 Currently upgrading too Mi-35 (export version of Mi-24V)
Soko Gazelle France/ Yugoslavia Light Utility Helicopter
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Reconnaissance
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Anti-Tank Helicopter
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Anti-Tank Helicopter HO-42/45
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HI-42 Hera
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HN-42M Gama
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HN-45M Gama2 29
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2
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19
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11 [7]

Withdrawn Aircraft

G-2 Galeb
J-21 Jastreb
Dornier Do-28
Mi-14
Ka-25
Ka-27

Aircraft markings
Shortly after the secession of Montenegro in 2006, Serbia quickly changed the Yugoslav tricolor roundel to a Serbian tricolor by a simple repaint of the existing emblems. Later in 2006, the Serbian government portrayed a new roundel for their air force that will replace the repainted Yugoslav tricolor roundels originally adopted in 1992. The new roundel is composed of a blue trim on the outside rim followed inward by the Serbian national colors red, blue, and white, with a white cross in the center with blue trim. The roundel is based on the Royal Yugoslav Air Force's emblem from the late 1920s to 1940s.

Current status

Once one of the largest air forces in Europe, with over 400 combat aircraft and 200 armed helicopters, the air force has been severely degraded due to ten years of war and sanctions. The Air Force fleet today consists of many Russian and indigenous combat aircraft. Today, the Air Force has 29 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21s and 5 MiG-29s. The 4 of 5 MiG-29s are to return to service in late 2008, only about three to four MiG-21s are in operation flying regularly at the moment due to the fuel problems. Most of the MiG-21s were purchased in 1977 and additional recon and improved MiG-21 Bis versions were received at around the same time. The MiG-29s were purchased in 1987. All of these MiGs are located at the Batajnica Air Base. The Air Force is looking to replace the MiGs with a new multi-role fighter. The MiG-21s were due to be replaced in the 1990s but were not due to the wars. Recently, Major Vladan Marjanovic, commander of the Serbian Air Force, stated that the MiG-21s in service of Serbia could continue flying all the way until 2010. The Air Force also has many former-Yugoslav aircraft. These combat aircraft included the G-4 Super Galeb and the J-22 Orao. Reliable figures about the number of these aircraft still in service are hard to find but data indicates that there are 16 attack J-22s, 7 trainer NJ-22s, 8 IJ-22s and 2 INJ-22s spy aircraft and about 25 G-4s. This count does not include about 100 aircraft consisting of J-22s, J-21s, G-4s, and G-2s which were withdrawn from service during the 1990s in order for Yugoslavia to conform to the CFE Treaty. The Oraos are located in Lađevci Airbase and nearly all of the Air Force's G-4 Super Galebs were located at Podgorica, and they are now at Batajnica.

The Air Force consists of many cargo aircraft such as the Russian Antonov An-26, the Do-28, and the Yakovlev Yak-40. Only 4 Yak-40s are in the fleet, and it is currently being overhauled for VIP use. Only 1 Do-28 was left in service, and now is in front of Museum of Aviation in Belgrade. 1 or 2 An-26s are in operation today, the rest (4) are stored in hangers, used as spears for spear parts to keep the two operational AN-26 in good condition. The air force is planing to modernized 4 An-26, and they will stay in service until 2014.

Combat helicopters include the SA-341/342 Gazelle, a French-designed helicopter built under license in Yugoslavia at SOKO, which is armed with 2 air-to-air missiles and 4 tank-hunter missiles. Serbia has about 61 examples of these combat helicopters only half are operational. The Serbian Air Force also consists of a very small amount of Mi-8 transport helicopters,2 Mi-17 and 2 Mi-24 attack helicopters. The Mi-24s and Mi-17 are ex-JSO helicopters given to air force from police at 2006. The 2 Mi-24, 2 Mi-17 and 3 Mi-8 helicopters are waiting for modernization. They will be back in service during 2008.

Fuel problems in the Air Force
In the past several years, there has been a fuel shortage problem in the Serbian Air Force. According to an Air Forces Monthly, in 2006, the Serbian Air Force is only getting about 20% of the required 1,000 tons of jet fuel per month. Because of this, aircraft don't fly often and pilots don't get enough hours in flying to have an acceptable training environment. Among those who get the worst of the problems are the J-22 Orao pilots. According to Air Forces Monthly, pilots in the "Tigers" squadron (Lead by Dejan Joksimović) of Oraos would be considered lucky to get 10-15 hours of flying in 2006. Pilots manning the QRA (Quick Reaction Alert), which consists of two MiG-21s, quoted to Air Force Monthly that they got "A few hours of flight time in 2005 and 2006." The luckier people of the Serbian Air Force of the problem are the An-26 pilots, the Gazelle helicopter pilots, and the Soko G-4 pilots. G-4 Super Galebs in the Golubovci Airbase in Montenegro were said to be the most active combat aircraft in the whole Air Force, before Montenegro seceded from Serbia on May 22. Pilots of the SA 341/342 Gazelle have been reported to get an average of 20 hours of flight per year according to Air Forces Monthly. AFM says that the An-26 by far the most active aircraft in the whole Air Force. Although most of the An-26s are stored, the aircraft that still fly are kept in flyable condition thanks to spare parts from retired aircraft.

In January 2007, Air Force Monthly reported that the fuel problems have not gotten any better. AFM reported that Serbia is now getting a little more jet fuel than they got in early 2006 but still not the needed amount, the figure for the last 3 months has remained at barely over 20% of the 1,000 tons per month required and the J-22 Orao pilots still are the worst suffering.

In April 2007, Air Forces Monthly reported the fuel problem is still the same and is expected to be stabilized if not totally fixed by the end of 2008 or early 2009 where the air force is expected by then to acquire over 50% of the required 1000 tons a month.

Fate of Serbian MiG-29s

In January 2006, the media briefly reported that 5 MiG-29s under the possession of Serbia were to be repaired and returned to operational service since Serbian MiG-29 operations ceased since April 2004. Previous news states that the work would be carried out by Serbia's Moma Stanojlović overhaul facility along with the company of Mikoyan Gurevich. The plan previously was to repair 2 or 3 of them by fall 2006, and the rest by 2007. As of July, it is now uncertain if Moma Stanojlović will even get apart of the job, facilities in Russia are supposedly more likely to carry out the work. Either way, all MiG-29s will be returned to service latest by end 2008. 1 Antonov An-26, 2 Mi-24s, and 5 Mi-8/Mi-17s will be overhauled as well in a 30+ million Euro project to overhaul the Serbian Air Force, lead mostly by Mlađan Dinkić.

In January 2007, Air Forces Monthly reported that the MiG-29s are still in debate over their overhaul, some military officials argue that they are too old and not worth modernizing because of the high investment, and think that waiting until at least 2010 and probably purchasing some second hand western multi-role aircraft is a better idea. The fate of the 5 MiG-29s looks unstable for now, and some believe it is most likely they will end up being retired. The same goes for the 2 Mi-24 helicopters, but the 3 Mi-8s, 2 Mi-17s, and the 1 An-26 are still scheduled for overhauls.

After two years of uncertainty over the fate of Serbia’s MiG-29s, it has been decided that the overhaul will go ahead as planned. 4 of the 5 MiG-29s have been taken apart and are being loaded to be shipped to Russia; the fifth one is not going to be overhauled because of money shortages, so the last MiG-29 has been put on hold for now. The other MiGs are due to re-enter service in summer 2008 but are not expected to handle any real combat, just to patrol Serbian air space and to help retire older MiG-21s.


Future of the Serbian Air Force
Some future goals are to reorganize and retrain the air force to operate to NATO standards by 2010. The ministry of defense has planned more funds to be provided to help modernize the air force completely. Organization has already been completed and plans for new aircraft are well under way.

Modernization

There are plans to obtain around 20 or more new fighter aircraft to replace the aging MiG-21 fleet that is due to retire around 2010 to the latest, although Serbia does plan to retain its MiG-29s for some time. Plans are also being made to obtain new transport helicopters and aircraft as well. The Air Force will also modernized all G-4 Super Galebs in to G-4M, and it will begin the use to new Lasta 95s Lasta trainer airplanes to replace old Lola Utva 75s as soon as analysis is completed.[citation needed]

These are some possible options for replacement. No formal decision has been made yet on when or what purchases will be made, The ministry of defense is expected to increase its budget in the following years providing assistance in the modernization of the air force. The Air Force will get 20 new multi-role fighters to replace MiG-21's, 15 new helicopters to replace Mi-8's, and three new cargo aircraft to replace An-26's and An-2.

New fighters:

20x F-16C/D, JAS 39 Gripen or MiG-35
New transport helicopters:

15x Mi-171Sh
New cargo aircraft:

3x Alenia C-27J

Serbian Air Defense

Equipment
The Serbian Air Force and Air Defense is using next systems:

SAMs
60x S-125 Neva (SA-3)
80x 2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful)
Radars
P-12 i P-14 Observation radars
Altitude measurement radar PRV-11
S-605/654 Observation radars
S-613 Altitude measurement radar
TPS-63 Observation radar
AN/TPS-70 3D radar
AS-74 i AS-84 automatized systems
The Serbian Air Force and Air Defense system contains a wide variety of Soviet and Czech models. Most are long range but some short range weapons are employed in infantry units. During the 1999 NATO bombing in Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Air Defense units brought down several NATO aircraft. Confirmed are two F-16 Fighting Falcon's, an F/A-18 Super Hornet, and many UAVs, as well as a large number of cruise missiles. The greatest achievement of these units was when the 3rd Battalion of the 250th Missile Brigade under the command of Colonel Zoltán Dani shot down a F-117 Nighthawk Stealth fighter jet using an SA-3. One F-117 Nighthawk is also seriously damaged by Serbian Air Defense and it was withdrawn after landing. Most of the Yugoslav fighter aircraft did not take part in the fighting due to overwhelming superiority in numbers of NATO.




Future of Serbian Air Defense
The Air Defense units are in first plan of modernization of Serbian AF and AD. The all Neva and Kub SAM's will be modernized in period from 2007 to 2010. Also there is a plan for modernization radars and communication system.

Training Command of Serbian Army

Key novelty in the organization of SAF is the establishing of the training command on 23 April 2007, by merging parts of Operation Forces,LF and Air Force units. This completes the merging of seven territorial centers for basic training and five centers for specialist training of the members of military arms, branches and services.

In addition to the training centers, the Training Command also comprises training grounds and firing grounds.

The Training Command HQ is based in Belgrade, while the training centers are based in Sombor, Pančevo, Jakovo, Valjevo, Zaječar, Kruševac, Leskovac, Požarevac, Batajnica and Gornji Milanovac.

Active Since 23.04.2007
Country Serbia
TC HQ Belgrade
Motto "For Honor and Freedom of the Fatherland"
Serbian: За слободу и част Отаџбине
Commanders
Commander Maj. Gen. Ljubiša Diković

Organization and structure

Command HQ
Training center No1
Training center No2
Training center No3
Training center No4
Training center No5
Training center No6
Training center No7
LF training center
Air Force and Air Defense training center
Logistics training center
Center for training and specializing for signals,IT and EI.Warfare personnel
Center for educating NBCW personnel
Combined-Arms training ground "Pasuljanske Livade"
Current tasks of the Training Command are as follows:

In this training centers soldiers and officers of SAF, as well the members of foreign armies undergo basic and military specialist training.

Serbian Military Police

The Serbian Military Police (Serbian: Војна Полиција, Vojna Policija) force are one of the best qualified and most combat-prepared organizations within the Army. Military Police responsibilities include combating special forces of the enemy and counter-rebellion and counter terrorist actions, stamping out organized crime and corruption, securing people and facilities, search actions, anti-terrorist tasks, and others.

Specific training is provided for members of special units of the Military Police, as well as for for members of "general" and traffic Military Police. Drills for Military Police units, from squad to battalion, are based on their anticipated tactical employment, including the training in putting down civil disorder.The Security Directorate of the General Staff of the Army of Serbia is responsible for overseeing the units of the Military Police.

Units
Battalion of Military Police Cobras
Anti-terrorist Battalion
3. MP Battalion
5. MP Battalion
25.MP Battalion